The British Film Institute ranked Gandhi as the 34th greatest British film of the 20th century. The film was screened retrospectively on 12 August 2016 as the opening film at the Independence Day Film Festival jointly presented by the Indian Directorate of Film Festivals and Ministry of Defence, commemorating the 70th Indian Independence Day. The film received a leading eleven nominations at the 55th Academy Awards, winning eight (more than any other film nominated that year), including for the Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actor (for Kingsley). It became a commercial success, grossing $127.8 million on a $22 million budget. It was praised for a historically accurate portrayal of the life of Gandhi, the Indian independence movement and the deteriorating results of British colonisation on India, its production values, costume design, and Kingsley's performance, which received worldwide critical acclaim. Gandhi was released in India on 30 November 1982, in the United Kingdom on 3 December, and in the United States on 8 December. Although a practising Hindu, Gandhi's embracing of other faiths, particularly Christianity and Islam, is also depicted. The film covers Gandhi's life from a defining moment in 1893, as he is thrown off from a South African train for being in a whites-only compartment, and concludes with his assassination and funeral in 1948. A co-production between India and United Kingdom, it is directed and produced by Richard Attenborough from a screenplay written by John Briley. Gandhi is a 1982 period biographical film based on the life of Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of nonviolent non-cooperative Indian independence movement against the British Raj during the 20th century.
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